ibid.
Writing & Everyday abbreviation · Latin
| Stands for | Ibidem (in the same place) |
|---|---|
| Categories | Writing & Everyday |
ibid. stands for Ibidem (in the same place), a Latin abbreviation.
Cites the same source as the immediately preceding footnote or endnote, sometimes with a new page number. It saves repeating a full reference when consecutive notes draw on one work.
Example: 12. Mary Beard, SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome (New York: Liveright, 2015), 45. 13. Ibid., 52.
Usage notes
The 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style discourages ibid. in favor of shortened citations (surname, short title, page), and APA and MLA do not use it at all. It can never point past an intervening note to a different source. Capitalize it at the start of a note; current Chicago style sets it in roman type, and older texts sometimes shorten it to ib. Legal citation uses Id. for the same job.
Related abbreviations
More Latin abbreviations
- ex lib. – Ex libris (from the books of)
- F.D. – Fidei defensor (Defender of the Faith)
- fec. – Fecit (made it)
- fl. – Floruit (flourished)
- i.a. – Inter alia (among other things)
- i.e. – Id est (that is)
- Id. – Idem (the same)
- inst. – Instante mense (this month)
- loc. cit. – Loco citato (in the place cited)
- M.O. – Modus operandi (method of operating)
- N.B. – Nota bene (note well)
- nem. con. – Nemine contradicente (with no one dissenting)